Ancient Egypt from its Predynastic cultures and its unification under Narmer to the death of Cleopatra VII and the Roman annexation in 30 BCE: its periods, dynasties and major reigns, its monuments, battles and treaties, and the writings we know it from. A sample timeline built from the sources cited on each moment. **How to read it.** Chapter headings mark the periods. Periods, dynasties and reigns are bands (navy, grey and ochre); everything else is a moment, linked to the Wikipedia article it draws on. Related things (a king and his monument, a battle and the treaty after it) are linked. **Dates.** Periods, dynasties and reigns follow one standard chronology, Ian Shaw (ed.), *The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt* (2000). Before 664 BCE every date is approximate, and other chronologies differ by years to decades; each moment's **Date precision** says how it is dated. A date known only to its year is placed on 1 January of that year. The few dates known to the day are Roman (Julian) dates, kept as given under **Historical dates**; the timeline's Gregorian display shows the same days a few dates earlier, as the two calendars differ by that much in antiquity.
The Kushite king **Piye** sails north from Nubia, takes **Memphis**, receives the submission of the Delta's rulers, and records it all on his **Victory Stela** at Gebel Barkal.
Date precision
About 728 BCE, in Shaw's chronology (Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, 2000); other chronologies differ. In Piye's 20th year.